Water insecurity among seasonal agriculture workers: perspectives from Spanish professionals.

BACKGROUND: Migrant seasonal agricultural workers face conditions of material vulnerability such as inadequate housing difficulties prevent access to running water supplies. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of professionals involved in the care and support of seasonal migrant agricultural workers, as it relates to water access and water consumption and their impact on these workers' health, in a context of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory and descriptive study was conducted in 2021 as part of a larger research project, based on 63 personal semi-structured interviews with professionals who provided support to seasonal migrant agricultural workers in three Spanish autonomous regions. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and imported into ATLAS.ti-9 for an inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: The results have been structured into two main themes: (1) Accessing and obtaining water; and (2) Health problems related to water consumption. Seasonal migrant agricultural workers experience barriers to obtaining safe water for hygiene, cleaning, food preparation and drinking. The implementation of regulations to reduce COVID-19 transmission resulted in improved hygiene levels in the migrants' quarters, including access to safe drinking water. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that water insecurity experienced by migrant seasonal agricultural workers in Spain results from their poor living conditions and causes health problems related to a lack of hygiene and the use of unsafe water. Sustainable solutions are needed beyond the pandemic in order to provide migrant workers with adequate living conditions and ensure their water needs are fulfilled.

Stress and anxiety in nursing students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic / Estrés y ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de ansiedad y estrés agudo entre los/las estudiantes de enfermería que se incorporaron al trabajo durante la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 y aquellos que no lo hicieron. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico realizado en tres universidades públicas españolas. Un total de 216 estudiantes de enfermería participaron en nuestro estudio. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante un formulario en línea. Se recopilaron variables relacionadas con las condiciones para ingresar al mercado laboral y se incluyó la Escala de Autoevaluación de Ansiedad de Zung y el Cuestionario de Reacción Aguda al Estrés de Stanford. Se llevaron a cabo análisis univariados y multivariados. Resultados: El 42,6% de los estudiantes ingresaron al mercado laboral. La puntuación global de ansiedad fue x?=36,31 (DE=5,71) y la puntuación de estrés fue x?=82,39 (DE=30,84). Los niveles más bajos de ansiedad se encontraron en aquellos que se incorporaron al mercado laboral (x?=35,67; DE=5,78), en comparación con aquellos que no lo hicieron (x?=36,73; DE=5,67). El 92,4% del total de alumnos presentaron estrés agudo. El estrés agudo fue mayor en aquellos que no trabajaron (x?=84,35; DE=32,38), y significativamente en mujeres. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de enfermería mostraron ser capaces de hacer frente al estrés en situaciones como la pandemia de COVID-19. No se puede descartar un efecto del trabajador sano. El estrés y ansiedad de los estudiantes de enfermería deben tenerse en cuenta por los tutores de prácticas clínicas y cuando se incorporan al mercado laboral por primera vez (AU)

Objective: To compare anxiety and acute stress levels among nursing students who joined the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and those who did not.Methods: A cross-sectional, multicentre descriptive study across three Spanish public universities. A total of 216 nursing students participated in our study. Data collection was carried through an online questionnaire, that included variables on conditions for entering the labour market, the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale and the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Overall, 42.6% (n=92) of the students entered the labour market during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The global anxiety score was x̄=36.31 (SD=5.71) and the stress score was x̄=82.39 (SD=30.84). Lower anxiety levels were observed among those who joined the labour market (x̄=35.67; SD=5.78) as compared to those who did not (x̄=36.73; SD=5.67). Overall 92.4% of the students were acutely stressed. Acute stress was higher among those who did not work (x̄=84.35; SD=32.38) and significantly in women. Conclusions: Nursing students were able to cope with stress in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. A healthy worker effect could not be ruled out. Stress and anxiety among nursing students should be considered by clinical practice preceptors and at the time students first enter the labour market (AU)

Assessment of high fidelity simulation with actors in palliative care in nursing students: a mixed methods study.

OBJECTIVE: The most effective training methods are experiential, including those focused on experiences and emotions. Clinical simulation, especially high-fidelity simulation, is one of the most effective methodologies for the acquisition of competencies in care like palliative care. The simulation with actors can train future healthcare science professionals: in technical, intellectual, or interpersonal skills. The objective is to evaluate high-fidelity simulation with actors as a tool in palliative care training for nursing students. METHOD: Over three years, the study was conducted in a Faculty of Nursing of the south of Spain with nursing students. A mixed methods study with sequential explanatory design in three moments was conducted: (1) Quasi-experimental study in a single group (n = 12) before and after attending the palliative care course with Clinical Simulation with actors to assess the communication skills (CICAA scale), (2) Qualitative study with phenomenological perspective after Clinical Simulation (174 reflective students' narratives), (3) Cross-sectional observational study, one year later, to assess the transfer of knowledge and skills to the clinical practice (71 students). RESULTS: Students who interacted with actors in Clinical Simulation improved their communication skills and the ability to establish an effective helping relationship with both end-of-life patients and their families. The students perceived the Clinical Simulation as an innovative learning methodology that is useful to encourage reflection and transfer of learning during their clinical internship. CONCLUSIONS: Standardization of the use of active learning methodologies is recommended for a better acquisition of transversal skills such as communication skills in palliative care.

From students to nurses under pressure: Nursing students' entry into employment during the first COVID-19 wave.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of nursing students and their mental health as they entered employment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (May-June 2020). BACKGROUND: As other healthcare professionals, nursing students who worked during the first COVID-19 wave suffered from dysfunctional mental health symptoms. DESIGN: Sequential, mixed-method, multicentre study. METHODS: The study population comprised 92 students in the third and fourth year of the Nursing degree at three Spanish universities, who entered employment during the pandemic. Data were collected between May and June 2020. In the quantitative phase, data were collected using an online questionnaire containing both validated anxiety and stress scales. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and a reflexive thematic analysis of the qualitative data were carried out, and analyses were combined. COREQ checklist was used for reporting. RESULTS: The combined quantitative and qualitative results were organised into five thematic areas: (1) Interruption of clinical placements, (2) Entering employment on a healthcare assistant contract, (3) Preventing contagion, (4) Adapting to the situation and managing emotions, and (5) Lessons learned. CONCLUSION: The students had a positive overall experience of entering employment, as they were able to develop their nursing skills. However, they had an emotional impact in form of stress caused by excessive responsibility, academic uncertainty, lack of personal protective equipment and training in its use, and the possibility of spreading disease to their family members. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In the current context, changes must be made in study programmes to instruct nursing students to be able to cope with extreme clinical situations, such as pandemics. The programmes should include a more extensive coverage of epidemics and pandemics and management of emotional aspects such as resilience.

Strategies to Prevent and Cope with Adolescent Dating Violence: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Dating violence has attracted scholarly interest from many fields because of its implications for adolescents' health. This study aimed to learn which strategies adolescents use to address and prevent dating violence. METHODS: Eight focus group discussions were analyzed, which included a total of 78 adolescents between 13 and 17 years old who had the signed consent of their parents or guardians. RESULTS: The findings showed that the majority of adolescents lacked effective mechanisms to manage violence in their dating relationships, which were characterized by immaturity, a lack of trust in their families, and unrecognized relationship violence. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing roles and relationships, as well as coping mechanisms, is a valid way to approach adolescents and explore how they perceive interaction during dating and which strategies are used most frequently to prevent violence.

Factores promotores, dificultades y estrategias para emprender y continuar la lactancia materna en España: la voz de las mujeres / Factors that promote, hinder, and support promotion, hindering and strategic factors to breastfeeding in Spain: the voice of women

OBJETIVO: Identificar factores promotores, dificultades y estrategias para el inicio y continuación de la lactancia materna (LM), en base a la experiencia de mujeres lactantes. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico realizado en la Región de Murcia (España) en el 2019. Se reclutaron a veintisiete mujeres que alimentaron a sus hijos/as con LM en el periodo de 2012-2018 mediante una asociación de LM y un muestreo de bola de nieve. Se realizaron entrevistas personales abiertas y un análisis temático de las transcripciones. RESULTADOS: Se estructuraron en tres temas: 1) Facilidades para el inicio y mantenimiento de la LM, 2) Dificultades ante la LM y 3) Estrategias utilizadas por las mujeres para solventar las barreras. Mientras que la motivación para amamantar y el apoyo recibido facilitaron la LM, las barreras más comunes se relacionaron con miedos e inseguridades personales, cansancio, problemas físicos y la respuesta social frente a la LM. Los motivos de abandono fueron el déficit de producción de leche, la incorporación laboral y la actitud del bebé. Las participantes desarrollaron autocuidados, búsqueda de información y asociaciones de LM y estrategias de conciliación familiar-laboral para paliar las dificultades. CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesaria una mayor implicación por parte de las/os profesionales de la salud para apoyar a las mujeres a través de la herramienta de educación para la salud, el apoyo por pares y medidas institucionales que favorezcan la LM en el lugar de trabajo.

OBJECTIVE: To identify promoting factors, difficulties, and strategies related to the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding (BF), based on the experiences of breastfeeding women. METHODOLOGY: A phenomenological qualitative study conducted in the Region of Murcia (Spain) in 2019. Twenty-seven women who breastfed their children from 2012 to 2018 were recruited through a breastfeeding association and snowball sampling. Personal open interviews were conducted, and a thematic analysis of the transcriptions was performed. RESULTS: The findings were organized into three themes: 1) Facilitators for the initiation and maintenance of BF, 2) Difficulties faced during BF, and 3) Strategies employed by women to overcome the difficulties. While the motivation to breastfeed and provision of support facilitated BF, common challenges were noted, including personal fears and insecurities, fatigue, physical problems, and societal response to BF. Reasons for discontinuation included low milk production, the need to return to work, and the baby's attitude. Participants developed self-care practices, sought information, joined breastfeeding associations, and implemented work-family reconciliation strategies to address the challenges. CONCLUSION: Greater involvement from healthcare professionals is necessary to support women who breastfeed through health education, peer support, and institutional measures that promote BF in the workplace.

Job expectations and intolerance to uncertainty of nursing students: Results from a multicentre, mixed-methods study in Spain.

AIM: To identify the job expectations and intolerance to uncertainty in final-year nursing students from three Spanish universities and evaluate the differences between them. DESIGN: Multicentre, mixed-methods study. METHODOLOGY: We included nursing students from three universities in Spain (Lleida, A Coruña and Murcia). Questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic variables, job expectations and intolerance to uncertainty. In addition, in-depth personal interviews were conducted to complement quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were calculated and comparison tests (ANOVA, chi-square) were performed to analyse the differences between universities and a content analysis was carried out for qualitative data. RESULTS: The sample included 305 final-year nursing students enrolled in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 courses, of which 21 participants were interviewed for the qualitative phase. Findings were reported based on four main themes: Expected employment conditions, perceptions of working conditions, job uncertainty and increased chances of getting a job by continuing education after finishing the nursing degree. Results showed that 92.13% of the students were concerned about their future employment. Analysis of the in-depth interviews highlighted the uncertainty of finding a job as a nurse and the anticipated precarious employment conditions (i.e. lack of stability stemming from daily or weekly temporary contracts) in case they managed to find work. Moreover, it was shown that these perceptions affect their health, leading to situations of anxiety, stress and negativity during their time as nursing students. Overall, 65.57% considered migrating outside their town/region to increase their job opportunities and 97.0% wanted to continue their education after finishing their degree, motivated by their vocation, professional aspirations and to increase their possibilities of finding work. CONCLUSION: Nursing students find themselves in a situation of great uncertainty before finishing their studies, anticipating a future with great stress and even frustration as a result of unemployment and job insecurity. They even consider the possibility of migrating when they finish their degree to increase their job opportunities. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the recruitment process of nurses in Spain through increased security and stability and thus contribute to reducing the stress and frustration of future nurses.

Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de tácticas de conflictos modificada. Aplicación en el contexto de los adolescentes ecuatorianos / Psychometric properties of the modified conflict tactics scale. Application in the Ecuadorian adolescent context

El estudio de la violencia en el noviazgo adolescente tiene relevancia para la Salud Pública, dado su carácter predictivo y el impacto social de esta variable en la convivencia de la población adulta. Las escalas de valoración de violencia en el noviazgo requieren ser validadas para asegurar la fiabilidad y la certeza de sus resultados. Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de tácticas de conflicto modificada M-CTS en el contexto de la violencia en el noviazgo de adolescentes ecuatorianos. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio de validación mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y análisis de variables lingüísticas y culturales, con muestreo al probabilístico (n=1249) con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 19 años, que cumplieron los requisitos de tener o haber tenido una relación de noviazgo. Resultados: Fueron modificadas culturalmente 6 preguntas y fue verificada la estructura de 4 factores del cuestionario (argumentación, violencia psicológica, física leve y física severa). Se encontró una baja fiabilidad para el ítem argumentación perpetrador (0,26) y victimización (0,26) y buena fiabilidad para violencia física grave para los dos perfiles (0,80 y 0,76). Conclusiones principales: La adaptación cultural del M-CTS ofreció una validez adecuada para los diferentes tipos de violencia en población adolescente ecuatoriana permitiendo comparar las prevalencias encontradas con otros países que usaron este instrumento basado en las mismas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas. (AU)

The study of adolescent dating violence is relevant for Public Health, given its predictive nature and the social impact of this variable on the coexistence of the adult population. Dating violence rating scales need to be validated to ensure the reliability and certainty of their results. Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of the modified M-CTS conflict tactics scale in the context of dating violence among Ecuadorian adolescents. Materials and methods: This is a validation study through confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of linguistic and cultural variables, with probabilistic sampling (n = 1249) with ages between 12-20 years, who met the requirements of having or having had a dating relationship. Results: 6 questions were culturally modified, and the 4-factor structure of the questionnaire was verified (argumentation, psychological violence, mild physical and severe physical). Low reliability was found for the perpetrator argument (0.26) and victimization (026) items and good reliability for severe physical violence for both profiles (0.80 and 0.76). Main conclusions: The cultural adaptation of the M-CTS offered adequate validity for the diverse types of violence in the Ecuadorian adolescent population, allowing to compare the prevalence found in other countries that used this instrument based on the same theoretical and methodological perspectives. (AU)

Trabajo agrícola y migración en España: precariedad sociolaboral y salud (Proyecto AGROMISALUD) / Agricultural work and migration in Spain: socio-labour precariousness and health (AGROMISALUD project)

Objetivo: Valorar la influencia de la precariedad laboral y la exclusión social en la salud de hombres y mujeres migrantes que trabajan en el sector agrícola en España. Método: Se recogerán datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en cuatro comunidades autónomas (Cataluña, La Rioja, Murcia y Andalucía) entre 2021 y 2022. En una primera fase se realizarán entrevistas personales semiestructuradas, con un mínimo de 40 informantes clave profesionales o expertos (de ONG, asociaciones, sanidad, servicios sociales, sindicatos, cooperativas agrícolas, política y mediadores culturales). En una segunda fase se combinarán entrevistas personales con técnicas cualitativas participativas (body mapping y photovoice), con 40 hombres y mujeres migrantes jornaleros/as. En una tercera fase se realizará un estudio transversal con una muestra estimada de 400-500 migrantes jornaleros/as basada en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida. (AU)

Objective: To assess the influence of job insecurity and social exclusion on the health of migrant men and women working in the agricultural sector in Spain. Method: Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in four Spanish autonomous regions (Catalonia, La Rioja, Murcia, and Andalusia) between 2021 and 2022. First, semi-structured personal interviews with at least 40 professional key informants or experts (from NGOs, associations, health, social services, trade unions, agricultural cooperatives, politics, and cultural mediators). Second, semi-structured personal interviews combined with participatory techniques (body mapping and photovoice) will be conducted with 40 migrant men and women working in agriculture. Thirdly, a cross-sectional study with an estimated sample of 400-500 migrants working in agriculture, based on the National Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey.

El llamado síndrome de alienación parental y sus derivaciones / The so-called parental alienation syndrome and its derivations

La denigración de un progenitor por el otro es uno de los efectos más dañinos para el menor en situaciones de ruptura familiar, si bien el llamado síndrome de alienación parental (Gardner) como supuesto trastorno mental infantil, no ha obtenido la aceptación en las clasificaciones psiquiátricas internacionales, ni la necesaria validez y soporte científico, por lo que profesionales de la salud mental, peritos y juristas deberían evitar su empleo. En su lugar, cabe valerse de los criterios diagnósticos contemplados por las clasificaciones psiquiátricas diagnósticas internacionales que describimos. Es esencial establecer el diagnóstico diferencial a partir del síntoma del rechazo hacia un progenitor, cuestión que entraña dificultad y que puede requerir el concurso de un equipo multidisciplinar para valorar adecuadamente todos los aspectos evaluables. Los profesionales han de obrar con conocimiento de los límites de su ciencia, aportando aquellos datos y conclusiones que sean legítimos y válidos según tal premisa. (AU)

The denigration of one parent by the other would be one of the most damaging effects for the child in situations of family breakdown, although the so-called parental alienation syndrome (Gardner) as a supposed childhood mental disorder, has not obtained acceptance in psychiatric classifications nor the necessary validity and scientific support, so its use by mental health professionals, experts and lawyers should be avoided. Instead, one can use the diagnostic criteria contemplated by the international diagnostic psychiatric classifications that we describe. It is essential to establish the differential diagnosis based on the symptom of rejection of a parent, an issue that involves difficulty and may require the assistance of a multidisciplinary team to adequately evaluate all the evaluable aspects. Professionals must act with knowledge of the limits of their science, providing those data and conclusions that are legitimate and valid according to this premise. (AU)

Factors contributing to the perpetuation and eradication of female genital mutilation/cutting in sub-Saharan women living in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is one of the most widespread traditional practices harmful to the health of women and girls in the world. Its spread to the West highlights the need to establish preventive actions in European countries taking into account the affected population. That is why this study is aimed at finding out the elements that support the continuation of FGM/C and those that promote the change of attitudes and fight against FGM / C from the perspective of the sub-Saharan women themselves who reside in Spain. DESIGN: Qualitative exploratory research that uses the method of life stories through an open interview. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The participants were 24 women living in the Region of Murcia (Spain) who come from sub-Saharan countries where FGM/C is commonly practised. FINDINGS: Arguments supporting FGM/C, the lack of knowledge and family pressure are identified as factors that perpetuate the practice, whereas the motivating factors for the change in attitudes that make most of the interviewees oppose FGM/C are the awareness of the consequences on health and close negative experiences, growing awareness of their rights, supportive legislation and breaking the taboo related to this practice to question justifications for FGM / C and share experiences. KEY CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Being aware of the arguments of both sides, women who defend FGM/C and those who oppose it, is a valuable source of information that obstetrics, midwifery and nursing professionals can use. The study provides the core elements that any healthcare education program should incorporate to prevent female genital mutilation/circumcision.

[Agricultural work and migration in Spain: socio-labour precariousness and health (AGROMISALUD project)]. / Trabajo agrícola y migración en España: precariedad sociolaboral y salud (Proyecto AGROMISALUD).

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of job insecurity and social exclusion on the health of migrant men and women working in the agricultural sector in Spain. METHOD: Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in four Spanish autonomous regions (Catalonia, La Rioja, Murcia, and Andalusia) between 2021 and 2022. First, semi-structured personal interviews with at least 40 professional key informants or experts (from NGOs, associations, health, social services, trade unions, agricultural cooperatives, politics, and cultural mediators). Second, semi-structured personal interviews combined with participatory techniques (body mapping and photovoice) will be conducted with 40 migrant men and women working in agriculture. Thirdly, a cross-sectional study with an estimated sample of 400-500 migrants working in agriculture, based on the National Health Survey and the Living Conditions Survey.

Burnout and job satisfaction among nurses in three Spanish regions.

AIMS: To determine the levels of job satisfaction and burnout syndrome and related factors among nurses in three Spanish regions. BACKGROUND: The nursing profession involves high work stress due to emotional involvement, workload and available resources. METHODS: Descriptive multicentric cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and migration data were collected and participants completed the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20/23 and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods using the program SPSS. RESULTS: The sample included 228 nurses (187 women and 41 men), with a mean age of 37.11 ± 10.87. Reported job satisfaction was medium to high. Overall, values were low in emotional fatigue and medium in depersonalization and personal fulfilment. In terms of migration, 21.59% of the participants had already moved to other Spanish regions or another country, while 18.58% had the intention of doing so. CONCLUSION: Nurses with a temporary contract showed a high burnout rate, and high levels of emotional fatigue, depersonalization and lack of personal fulfilment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Strategies are needed to improve working and contractual conditions such as enhancing teamwork, management and leadership skills in nurses; achieving internal promotion; and having higher participation in decision-making and a better balance of power between health institution managers and health professionals.

Relaciones sexistas en la generación X y Millennials / Sexist relationships in Generation X and Millennials

Objetivo: Identificar características de violencia sexista en las distintas generaciones tecnológicas (Millennials y Generación X). Diseño: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Emplazamiento: Región de Murcia, España. Participantes: Un total de 1.269 usuarios de redes sociales pertenecientes a la generación Millennials (19-38 años) y Generación X (39-54 años) que tienen una relación de pareja. Mediciones principales: Se utilizó el “Cuestionario sobre las nuevas tecnologías para transmitir la violencia de género” que analiza el uso de las redes, la violencia sufrida y la violencia ejercida en la pareja. Las variables de estudio han sido el grupo generacional, edad, sexo, consumo de alcohol y drogas, nivel de educación formal, país de origen y de residencia, y orientación sexual. Resultados: Los Millennials muestran una asociación estadísticamente significativa con los items sobre patrones de riesgo en redes relacionados con el Phising, Sexting, Flaming, falsos ofrecimientos, Cyberstalking y secuestros webcam (p<0,05), mientras que respecto a la violencia sufrida solo se ha observado asociación en ítems relacionados con Flaming (OR: 0,405) (IC 95%: 0,226-0,726) y coacción sexual (OR: 0,420) (IC 95%: 0,200-0,882). Las drogas aumentan las actividades de riesgo, así como la violencia sufrida y ejercida (p<0,05). Las mujeres de la muestra refieren sufrir más presiones en actividades sexuales (OR: 2,587) (IC 95%: 1,702-3,931) y miedos por parte de sus parejas (OR: 2,598) (IC 95%: 1,749-3,857). Conclusión: El estudio muestra mayores patrones de riesgo, así como violencia sufrida y ejercida en el grupo Millennial respecto a la Generación X.(AU)

Objective: To identify sexist violence features on different technological generations (Millennials and Generation X). Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Site: Region of Murcia, Spain. Participants: A total of 1269 users of social networks belonging to the Millennials generation (19–38 years) and Generation X (39–54 years) who are in a romantic relationship. Main measurements: The instrument “Questionnaire about new technologies to transmit gender violence”, analyzes the use of social networks, suffered and exercised violence on couples. The study variables have been the generational group, age, sex, alcohol and drug consumption, the level of formal education, origin and residence country and sexual orientation. Results: Millennials show a statistically significant association with the items on risk patterns in networks related to phising, sexting, flaming, false offers, cyberstalking, and webcam hijacking (p<0.05), while regarding violence suffered only has been observed association in items related to flaming (OR: 0.405) (95% CI: 0.226–0.726) and sexual coercion (OR: 0.420) (95% CI: 0.200–0.882). Drugs increase risky activities, as well as violence suffered and practiced (p<0.05). The women sample reports more pressure in sexual activities (OR: 2587) (95% CI: 1702–3931) and fears from their partners (OR: 2598) (95% CI: 1749–3857). Conclusions: The study shows higher risk patterns, as well as violence suffered and practiced in the Millennial group compared to Generation X. Also, it shows an increase generated by alcohol and drugs in the violence suffered and practiced by the study subjects. On the other hand, there are differences between the behaviors and violence suffered and practiced according to the different sexes, where the violence suffered by women is related to fear and activities of a sexual nature.(AU)

Factores relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en mujeres con VIH: Un estudio mixto con diseño secuencial / Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral treatment in women with HIV: A sequential mixed model research design

INTRODUCCIÓN: El VIH/Sida afecta cada vez a más mujeres. La adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral es decisiva en la calidad de vida de las personas infectadas. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo del estudio es determinar el grado de adherencia manifestada en un grupo de mujeres con VIH/Sida, con TAR e identificar los factores y circunstancias que influyen en su adherencia. METODOLOGÍA: Se ha realizado un estudio con diseño mixto secuencial explicativo. Los sujetos de estudio son 86 mujeres diagnosticadas con VIH/Sida en tratamiento con TARGA. RESULTADOS: Se recogieron datos cualitativos de 18 de ellas. El 59,3% de las participantes son no adherentes. Los factores determinantes de la no adherencia son el grado académico, edad, ingresos, así como factores personales, interpersonales como el apoyo sociofamiliar, estigma percibido y autoestigma y factores relativos a la enfermedad y tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: Los cuidados de enfermería deben abordar con enfoque de género aquellos factores psicosociales e individuales del proceso de adherencia

BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS is affecting more and more women. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is decisive for those infected to achieve quality of life. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study is to determine the degree of adherence displayed by a group of women with HIV/AIDS and to identify those factors and circumstances which might influence their adherence to ART. METHOD: A sequential mixed model research design was applied. The subjects studied consisted of 86 women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and treated with ART. Findings and discussion: Qualitative data were collected from 18 of these women. 59.3% of participants were non-adherents. The determining factors for non-adherence were level of education, age, income, as well as personal and/or interpersonal factors such as socio-familial support, perceived stigma, self-stigma and factors related to disease and treatment. Nursing care should take a gender-focused approach towards those psychological and personal factors inherent in the adherence process

[Sexist relationships in Generation X and Millennials]. / Relaciones sexistas en la generación X y Millennials.

OBJECTIVE: To identify sexist violence features on different technological generations (Millennials and Generation X). DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SITE: Region of Murcia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1269 users of social networks belonging to the Millennials generation (19-38 years) and Generation X (39-54 years) who are in a romantic relationship. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The instrument "Questionnaire about new technologies to transmit gender violence", analyzes the use of social networks, suffered and exercised violence on couples. The study variables have been the generational group, age, sex, alcohol and drug consumption, the level of formal education, origin and residence country and sexual orientation. RESULTS: Millennials show a statistically significant association with the items on risk patterns in networks related to phising, sexting, flaming, false offers, cyberstalking, and webcam hijacking (p<0.05), while regarding violence suffered only has been observed association in items related to flaming (OR: 0.405) (95% CI: 0.226-0.726) and sexual coercion (OR: 0.420) (95% CI: 0.200-0.882). Drugs increase risky activities, as well as violence suffered and practiced (p<0.05). The women sample reports more pressure in sexual activities (OR: 2587) (95% CI: 1702-3931) and fears from their partners (OR: 2598) (95% CI: 1749-3857). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows higher risk patterns, as well as violence suffered and practiced in the Millennial group compared to Generation X. Also, it shows an increase generated by alcohol and drugs in the violence suffered and practiced by the study subjects. On the other hand, there are differences between the behaviors and violence suffered and practiced according to the different sexes, where the violence suffered by women is related to fear and activities of a sexual nature.

Postmigratory Perceptions of Female Genital Mutilation: Qualitative Life History Research.

INTRODUCTION: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a practice, in breach of human rights, which currently extends to European countries. Given that migration to a Western country can involve cultural change, the aim of the present study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of sub-Saharan women regarding FGM/C following migration to Spain. METHOD: A qualitative exploratory research design utilizing life history methodology was applied. Participants (n = 24) were recruited until data saturation was reached. RESULTS: Sub-Saharan women describe their experience of FGM/C. Once in Spain, they begin to demystify the justifications for which FGM/C is practiced and to break the taboo that surrounds the practice. DISCUSSION: Migration leads individuals to reflect on the traditional practices from their countries of origin. The nursing profession must accompany migrant women throughout their process of change and provide objective information from a position of cultural understanding, avoiding attitudes that might create a sense of revictimization while their resultant health consequences are being attended to.